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Updated Papers


Published: June 23, 2020 • Updated: November 1, 2021

Author: Yaqeen Institute

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Yaqeen Institute serves as a platform bringing together a variety of Muslim scholars, academics, and intellectuals discussing topics of central importance to the contemporary Muslim community.
Maintaining scholarly rigor is an indispensable part of this work and we strive to maintain our commitment to accuracy and truth, to continuous improvement, and to our responsibility to Allah, our readership, and supporters.
In the pursuit of truth, one of the most critical elements is to revise and improve content. In doing this, we can provide readers with the most up-to-date and rigorous scholarship on a particular topic, vetted by a panel of scholars and researchers.
The below articles have been updated to reflect anything from new content, additional references, error corrections, and/or further explanations when needed.
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Disclaimer: The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in these papers and articles are strictly those of the authors. Furthermore, Yaqeen does not endorse any of the personal views of the authors on any platform. Our team is diverse on all fronts, allowing for constant, enriching dialogue that helps us produce high-quality research.